Leo XIII and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci was a Jesuit priest from Italy. He was the sixth pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1878-1903.
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Pius IX and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti was a diocesan priest from Italy. He was the fifth pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1846-1878.
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Gregory XVI and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari was a Camaldolese priest from Venice. He was the fourth pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1831-1846.
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Pius VIII and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni was a diocesan priest from Italy. He was the third pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1829 to 1830.
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Leo XII and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Annibale della Genga was a diocesan priest and diplomat from Italy. He was the second pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1823 to 1829.
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Pius VII and the history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
Barnaba Chiaramonti was a Benedictine monk and theologian from Italy. He was the first pope of the nineteenth century, reigning from 1800 to 1823.
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Prelude to the 19th Century Papacy – the Religious Factors
The popes of the 19th century were deeply influenced by factors that were already underway prior to their time. This is our summary of the religious factors.
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Prelude to the 19th Century Papacy – the Political Factors
The popes of the 19th century were deeply influenced by factors that were already underway prior to their time. This is our summary of the political factors.
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The history of the Papacy of the 19th Century
The present-day Catholic church throughout the world has been deeply shaped by the popes of the 19th century. This is our summary.